Environmental Review

State and Federal Laws and Regulations Related to the Preservation of Historic Properties in the Commonwealth of Virginia

The most important means we have of recognizing the importance of a significant building or archaeological site in Virginia is to add the property to an official listing of historic landmarks. The Virginia Landmarks Register is a planning tool for identification of significant historic properties in the Commonwealth. Its federal counterpart, the National Register of Historic Places, is the official compilation of significant cultural resources throughout the United States. Listing on either of these two registers is most often a process undertaken by an owner, with the assistance of staff from the Department of Historic Resources. Usually, an owner seeks registration so that the significance of a property can be formally recognized. The statement that a property is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places is an indication that the property has been evaluated and has been found to meet one or more of the National Register criteria. When a property is found to be eligible for listing, we recommend that the owner take the cultural significance of the property into account in project planning. Registration of a property is rarely pursued unless the owner instigates this formal recognition of his property.

The following is a summary of state and federal regulations that have an important bearing on state, federal, and privately owned properties. Links to the laws online can be found by clicking on the underlined titles.

Federal:

1.  Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (36 CFR Part 800)
     Law applies to: All federally funded, assisted, or licensed undertakings
     Regulating agencies:  Department of Historic Resources and the Advisory
     Council on 
     Historic Preservation
     Who is responsible for compliance:  The sponsoring federal agency or
     its designee 
     (usually the recipient of permits or funds)

This regulation requires a federal agency head with jurisdiction over a federal, federally assisted, or federally licensed undertaking to take into account the effects of the agency's undertakings (projects) on properties included in or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and, prior to approval of the undertaking, to afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment on the undertaking. The State Historic Preservation Officer, the director of the Department of Historic Resources, coordinates state participation in the implementation of the National Historic Preservation Act and is a key participant in the Section 106 process. The Department of Historic Resources performs the primary review of federally-assisted projects and provides assistance to federal agencies and their designees in carrying out their responsibilities under Section 106 and its associated regulations.

2.  Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470)
     Law applies to: All federal agencies
     Regulating agencies:
The National Park Service and the Advisory Council
    on Historic Preservation
     Who is responsible for compliance:  All federal agencies who may own historic 
     properties

The purpose of Section 110 is to ensure that historic preservation is fully integrated into the ongoing programs and missions of federal agencies. This regulation requires a federal agency head with jurisdiction over properties that may contain historically significant resources to identify and protect those resources. It requires that federal agencies use and preserve their historic properties.

3.  The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) (28 CFR Part 30)
     Law applies to:  All public accommodations, commercial facilities, and state and
     local government entities
     Regulating agencies: 
The United States Department of Justice and the
     Department of Historic Resources
     Who is responsible for compliance: 
Anyone who owns or operates a public 
     accommodation, a commercial facility, or buildings owned or leased by a state or
     local government agency

The ADA requires that new buildings and facilities and altered portions of existing buildings and facilities be readily accessible. For existing buildings and facilities, the ADA requires that all barriers to accessibility be removed when it is "readily achievable" to do so. In the case of historic properties, the ADA provides for the following: if making a "qualified historic building" accessible would threaten or destroy the historic significance of that building or facility, certain alternative minimum accessibility standards may be applied. If the alteration is part of a federal undertaking, the responsible federal agency should contact both the Department of Historic Resources and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. If the alterations to the historic property are not federally sponsored, and the responsible party believes that full compliance with the ADA would threaten or destroy the building's or facility's historic significance, he should consult with the Department of Historic Resources. If the department agrees, the alternative minimum standards may be used.

State:

1.The Appropriations Act (2000 Virginia Acts of Assembly)
     Law applies to:  Projects or undertakings that will affect state-owned landmarks
     listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register
     Regulating agencies: Department of Historic Resources and the Department of
     General Services
     Who is responsible for compliance: The state agency initiating the project

The specific provisions for review of rehabilitation and restoration projects are defined in the Budget Bill Section 4-4.01(s), 2000 Virginia Acts of Assembly, Chapter 1073: To guarantee that the historical and/or architectural integrity of any state-owned properties listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the knowledge to be gained from archaeological sites will not be adversely affected because of inappropriate changes, the heads of those agencies in charge of such properties are directed to submit all plans for significant alterations, remodeling, redecoration, restoration or repairs that may basically alter the appearance of the structure, landscaping, or demolition to the Department of Historic Resources. Such plans shall be reviewed within thirty days and the comments of that department shall be submitted to the Governor through the Department of General Services for use in making a final determination.

2. Section V.2 of Division of Engineering and Buildings Directive #1,
     Revised 1984 (§ 2.1-488.4 Code of Virginia) 
     Law applies to: Proposed demolitions of state-owned buildings
     Regulating agencies: Department of Historic Resources, the Art and
     Architecture Review Board, and the Division of Engineering and Buildings
     Who is responsible for compliance: The state agency initiating the demolition

Provides that no building or appurtenant structure shall be removed from state-owned property unless approved by the Governor upon the advice of the Art and Architectural Review Board. The Governor further conditions approval upon the recommendation of the Department of Historic Resources, and the Department of General Services.

3.  Art and Architecture Review Board (§ 2.1-488.1 Code of Virginia)
     Law applies to: Construction or rehabilitation of any building or
     structure to be sited on state-owned property
     Regulating agencies: Department of General Services
     Who is responsible for compliance: The state agency initiating the project

The director of the Department of Historic Resources sits on the Art and Architecture Review Board (Department of General Services) and, as an ex officio member of that board, and comments on all projects brought to the board for review and comment.

4.  Virginia Environmental Impacts Reports Act (§ 10.1-1188 Code of Virginia)
     Law applies to: Major construction initiated by a state agency
     Regulating agencies: Department of Environmental Quality
     Who is responsible for compliance:
The state agency initiating the
     construction project

The Department of Environmental Quality provides comments on the environmental impacts of all major state projects (costing more than $100,000) to the Governor through the Secretary of Natural Resources. The comments represent the findings of all state agencies with related responsibilities or interests. Comments are provided to the sponsoring agency in time to permit modifications necessary because of environmental impact. The Department of Historic Resources is invited to submit comments to the Department of Environmental Quality when an environmental impact report describes a project which might affect historic properties.

5.  Virginia Antiquities Act (§ 10.1-2300 Code of Virginia)
     Law applies to: Objects of antiquity located on archaeological
     sites on  state-controlled land
     Regulating agencies: Department of Historic Resources
     Who is responsible for compliance: The state agency or individual
     initiating the archaeological field investigation

The Virginia Antiquities Act (Code of Virginia, Section 10.1-2300 et seq.) prohibits damage to or removal of objects of antiquity from archaeological sites on all state-controlled land. This act does not restrict a state agency from construction or other land disturbing activities on its own land, but does prohibit all "relic hunting" or any archaeological field investigations without a permit from the Department of Historic Resources.

The Department of Historic Resources is charged with coordinating all archaeological field investigations and survey conducted on state-controlled lands (10.1-2301;1,2). The department is given exclusive right and privilege to conduct field investigations on state lands, but may grant those privileges to others through a permit process (10.1-2302 and 2303). The department also has final authority to identify and evaluate the significance of sites and objects of antiquity found on state lands (10.1-2301;3). Permits are issued through the department's Division of Resource Services and Review.

6. Burial Permits (§ 10.1-2305 Code of Virginia)
    Law applies to: Human burials located in the Commonwealth
    Regulating agencies: Department of Historic Resources
    Who is responsible for compliance: Any agency or individual
     involved in the removal of human remains from archaeological sites in the Commonwealth

General cemetery protection laws make it a felony to remove human remains from a grave without a court order or appropriate permit. Section 2305 of the Virginia Antiquities Act (see above) provides a permit process for archaeological field investigations involving the removal of human remains and artifacts from graves. These permits are issued through the department.

7. Cave Protection Act (§ 10.1-1000 Code of Virginia)
     Law applies to: Caves located in the Commonwealth
     Regulating agencies: Natural Heritage Division, Department
     of Conservation and Recreation
     Who is responsible for compliance: Any agency or individual
     involved in the research within caves in the Commonwealth

The Cave Protection Act protects from vandalism all geological, biological, and historic features in caves regardless of ownership. A permit is required from the Department of Conservation and Recreation, Natural Heritage Division, for research within caves and rock shelters. The concurrence of the Department of Historic Resources is required before the issuance of a permit.

8. Underwater Archaeology Permits(§ 10.1-2214 Code of Virginia)
     Law applies to: All underwater properties on bottomlands owned
    by the Commonwealth
    Regulating agencies: Virginia Marine Resources Commission
    Who is responsible for compliance: Any agency or individual
    planning to explore or recover objects underwater

The permitting process protects underwater historical properties, including shipwrecks and submerged terrestrial sites. Permits for either exploration or recovery are required from Virginia Marine Resources Commission. The Department of Historic Resources is consulted prior to issuance of the permits. The Department of Historic Resources determines which properties are historic.

Division of Resource Services and Review Directory
The Department of Historic Resources maintains archival materials concerning historic properties throughout the Commonwealth and a wide range of materials related to regulatory and technical aspects of historic preservation. Copies of guidelines concerning historic preservation and related regulations are available upon request. Please contact Pam Doak, Resource Services and Review, Phone: (804) 367-2323, ext. 106; Fax: (804) 367-2391 further information.


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