Reflecting the prosperity brought by the coal industry to the mountain community of Big Stone Gap in Wise County, the U. S. Post Office and Courthouse is one of the more architecturally sophisticated federal buildings in the state. A polished example of the 20th-century Renaissance Revival, the building has a stone-faced exterior, deep bracketed cornice, shallow hipped roof, and rusticated ground floor–all references to the architecture of Florentine palaces. Its architect, James Knox Taylor, was responsible for numerous government buildings across the nation. Taylor resigned his Federal post in 1912, and the building was completed under the supervision of Oscar Wenderoth. It survives with few alterations and preserves a great quantity of early wood trim, metalwork, electrical fixtures, and custom-designed furniture. Noteworthy is the courtroom, decorated with a coffered ceiling, ornamental plasterwork, and mahogany woodwork. The U.S. Post Office and Courthouse still served its original use at the end of the 20th century.