Constructed in 1913, Shiloh Baptist Church in Middleburg is historically important for its associations with the African American community in this Loudoun County town who built the church and supported its congregation. The offered African Americans a place of refuge and opportunities in education, personal growth, and social engagement during the long era of segregation in Virginia and through the struggle for Civil Rights during the last half of the 20th century. Architecturally representing a vernacular adaptation of the Late Gothic Revival style, Shiloh Baptist Church was envisioned by master stonemason, Nathan Nathaniel Hall, a church member. Prior to its individual listing in the registers, the church was recognized as a contributing building to the Middleburg Historic District.